Layered transition metal oxides are widely used as positive electrode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, the results are presented and discussed within a broader scientific context. The characteristic process of formation and mechanisms of fatigue are fundamentally characterized and the effect of chemical composition on cell chemistry, electrochemistry, and cycling stability is addressed on different length scales by use of state-of-the-art analytical techniques, ranging from “standard” characterization tools to combinations of advanced in situ and operando methods. In recent years, comprehensive battery research has been conducted at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, mainly aiming at better understanding the primary degradation processes occurring in these layered transition metal oxides. During formation and continuous cycling, especially the electronic and crystal structure suffers from various changes, eventually leading to fatigue and mechanical degradation. ![]() ![]() However, due to different stability issues, their longevity is limited. In order to satisfy the energy demands of the electromobility market, both Ni-rich and Li-rich layered oxides of NCM type are receiving much attention as high-energy-density cathode materials for application in Li-ion batteries.
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